Science Quiz | The places where things stay the same

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This map shows radiation leftover from the Big Bang right after it happened. It depicts how the temperature of the radiation is anisotropic: different at different distances. What’s this radiation called? Credit: NASA

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If the contour lines on a map show all the points that are at the same altitude, an ________ will show the set of all points that have the same steepness. Fill in the blank.

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In thermodynamics, this term denotes the set of all points at the same pressure. In nuclear physics, the same term stands for the set of all atomic nuclei — even of different elements — with the same mass number. Name the term.

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If a geologist uses the term ________, they probably mean the set of all places with a common vertical thickness of rock — rather than parts of a DNA with a comparable proportion of guanine to cytosine, which is how a geneticist might mean it. Fill in the blank.

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Say it’s raining over your city with different intensities in different places. If you connected all the places receiving water at a common rate, say 2 mm/hour, you’d get an _________. Fill in the blank. Hint: It’s not an isohyet.

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Run a weather model on a supercomputer and a lighter version of the same model on your laptop, and you’ll get two outputs that have different scales but are both X. This is like how a book in English and the same book translated to Tamil are X because they depict the same chain of events. Name X.